Infancy

Infancy: A period from birth to the age of one.

Neonates: The time right after the baby is born.

Apgar scale: A test that is administered at one minute and then again at five minutes after birth

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale: A scale that tests a baby's reflexes and responses to light, sounds, and touch.

Rooting reflex: The baby will move towards the bottle or their mother's breast when the side of their mouth is stroked.

Bonding: The emotional connection that a parent or caregiver develops with the baby.

Postpartum period: A time period where mothers who have just given birth need time for both physical and psychological adjustment.

Postpartum depression: An intense sadness and oftentimes emotional withdrawal from others.

Proximodistal development:  Infants learn to control the muscles at the core of their bodies before the muscles further out from their abdominal center.

Cephalocaudal development: The way babies develop from the top of their head down to their extremities.

Shaken baby syndrome: The tragic injuries that result from the babies being shaken, should be avoided at all times.

Crawling: A type of dragging movement accomplished by the baby pulling forward by the arms and shoulders while lying on the stomach.

Creeping: movement that occurs by using the hands and knees to pull the body forward while the stomach is raised off the ground.

Palmer grasp: to scrape up an object with their fingers into palm of their hands.

Pincer grasp: uses their forefinger and thumb.

Food intolerances: reactions to foods that are unpleasant.

Sensorimotor stage: infants move from reflexes to interacting with the world around them using motor skills.

Object permanence: understanding that people, places, or objects still exist even when they are out of sight.

Receptive language: babies understand language much before they can form words.

Trust versus mistrust: the stage for socio-emotional development during infancy.

Attachment: emotional connection between the child and caregiver.

Stranger anxiety: the distress of being left with stranger peaks.

Separation anxiety: when caregiver or parent leaves infant in hands of a stranger.

Unoccupied play: when a baby observes and focuses on an object or activity.

Solitary play: when infant plays alone.

Temperament: interact with the world.